In rural and urban areas, sudden intrusion of animals can lead to accidents, crop destruction, and safety hazards. Traditional surveillance methods rely on human monitoring, which is inefficient.
This system uses :
- Sensors: PIR (Passive Infrared) sensors or ultrasonic sensors to detect animal movement.
- Microcontroller: Arduino or ESP32 to process sensor data.
- Alert System: GSM module (SIM800L/SIM900) to send SMS notifications to a predefined number.
- Optional Local Alert: Buzzer or light to scare animals or indicate detection.
Key Features :
- Real-time animal detection using motion or presence sensors.
- Immediate SMS alert to notify the farmer, homeowner, or security personnel.
- Optional local alarm to prevent animal intrusion.
- Can be deployed in farms, roads, or protected areas.
( This project ensures timely detection and action, preventing damage and enhancing safety. )
Connection Description (Wiring Map)
Main Components:
- Microcontroller: Arduino Uno / ESP32
- PIR Sensor / Ultrasonic Sensor: Detects animal movement or presence
- GSM Module (SIM800L/SIM900): Sends SMS alerts
- Buzzer / LED (Optional): Local alert
Power Supply: 5V regulated DC for Arduino and GSM module
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
Wiring Summary :
Component | Arduino Pin | Connection Notes |
PIR Sensor | D2 | Digital input to detect motion |
Ultrasonic Sensor | D7 (Trig), D8 (Echo) | Optional; detects animals using distance |
GSM Module | D6 (TX), D5 (RX) | UART communication for SMS alerts |
Buzzer / LED | D9 | Optional local alarm output |
Power Supply | Vin & GND | 5V regulated DC supply |
Visual Wiring Map (Simplified) :
- PIR sensor connected to digital input pin
- Ultrasonic sensor (if used) connected to trigger/echo pins
- GSM module connected via UART to Arduino
- Buzzer/LED connected to digital output pin
- Arduino and GSM powered via regulated supply
Testing the Hardware
- PIR/Ultrasonic Sensor Test: Verify that the sensor detects motion or animal presence accurately.
- Buzzer/LED Test: Trigger digital output to ensure the local alert works.
- GSM Module Test: Send a test SMS using Arduino code to ensure network communication is functioning.
- Integration Test: Simulate animal intrusion; the system should detect the presence, activate the buzzer (if connected), and send an SMS alert immediately.
Troubleshooting
Problem | Possible Cause | Solution |
Sensor not detecting animals | Misalignment, wrong placement, or low sensitivity | Adjust sensor position or calibrate |
GSM module not sending SMS | SIM card issue, network problem, or incorrect baud rate | Verify SIM card, balance, and code settings |
Buzzer/LED not working | Incorrect pin connection or insufficient current | Check wiring and use a transistor if needed |
False alerts | Environmental movement (wind, leaves) | Adjust PIR sensitivity or sensor threshold |
Arduino resets when GSM sends SMS | Power supply not sufficient | Use a separate regulated supply for GSM |
( Wildlife or stray animal intrusion in farms, roads, or residential areas can cause crop damage, accidents, or property loss. The Animal Detection and SMS Alert System is designed to detect the presence of animals in a designated area and immediately notify the concerned person via SMS. This project uses sensors to detect animals and a GSM module to send real-time alerts, ensuring proactive action and safety. )